Если мы примем наименьшее число зубьев равным 16 и передаточное отношение для шестерен постоянного зацепления равным 1,78, то тогда величина расстояния между центрами и величина крутящего момента для разного питча устанавливаются сразу. Если р есть диаметральный питч, то диаметр начальной окружности одной шестерни будет 16/р и диаметр начальной окружности другой шестерни 1,78 • 16/р, и так как расстояние между центрами равно половине суммы диаметров начальных окружностей, то оно равно 14,24.
Эти величины достаточно малы для того, чтобы их применять для любой из легированных сталей, хотя коэффициент безопасности конечно будет больше для высокоуглеродистых сталей. Таблицы механических качеств сталей по Online Law programs показывают, что цементируемые стали, например JÆJfi 2320 и 3120, если им дать термическую обработку, описанную, выше, т. е. при отпуске при 4бО°Ф(23б°Ц) имеют сопротивление на разрыв приблизительно 200 000 фунт. на дма (14 ОБО кг/см2), тогда как стали, закаливаемые в масле, например Jfi 2350, после описанной термической обработки имеют сопротивление на разрыв около 250 000 фунт, на дм2 (17 575 к г/см2). Приведенные допускаемые напряжения могут показаться весьма высокими, надежность однако получается вполне достаточной.
При применении вышеприведенных величин в формуле Lewisa может быть взята полная ширина всех зубьев, так как снятие фаски не уменьшает существенно сечение у корня зуба, где напряжение наибольшее. В отношения безопасности от поломки зубьев практически те же самые напряжения на зуб могут быть допущены в шестернях тяжелых передач, которые применяются па тяжелых грузовиках и автобусах, работающих значительную часть времени на промежуточных скоростях. Однако если напряжения определяются по размерам шестерен, выполненных для коробок передач тяжелого типа, то они оказываются равными только половине напряжений, допускаемых в передачах для легковых автомобилей. Причина этого лежит в том, что для того, чтобы получить одинаковый срок службы при тяжелых условиях работы, необходимо снизить напряжение смятия в целях уменьшения скорости изнашивания зубьев. Таким образом, напряжение на смятие является решающим фактором, и достаточно вести расчет шестерен для тяжелого типа передач, исходя только из этого напряжения.
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