В процессе своей эволюции колесо автомобиля с пневматической шиной прошло четыре этапа. Первоначально все детали колеса составляли вместе одно целое, и в случае повреждения шины последняя снималась с колеса, производилась починка, затем шина устанавливалась на место. Эта операция была довольно сложной при применении бортовых шин, но она была несколько облегчена после введения прямобортных шин и разъёмных ободов. Затем был введён демонтируемый обод, который позволял иметь на автомобиле запасный обод с накачанной шиной, и таким образом в случае повреждения испорченная шина вместе с её ободом могла быть удалена с колеса и заменена. Наибольшие удобства даёт демонтируемое колесо, которое позволяет иметь на автомобиле запасное колесо с накачанной шиной.
Нагрузка на шины и внутреннее давление. Пневматические шины раннего периода по современным понятиям относятся к шинам высокого давления. Внутреннее давление составляло 1,4 кг/см2 на \" ширины профиля шины; шина шириной 3" имела давление 4,2 кг/см2, а шина шириной 5" (наиболее широкая в то время) — давление 7 кг/см2. Позднее было найдено, что условия движения улучшаются, опасность прокола и спуска шины уменьшается и долговечность шины увеличивается при применении шин низкого давления и большей ширины профиля. Это привело к развитию баллонных шин, являющихся теперь обычными, и далее к развитию так называемых сверхбаллонов; в некоторых из них внутреннее давление не превосходит 0,7 кг/см2. Такие низкие давления оказались, однако, нерациональными, так как они ухудшают боковую устойчивость автомобиля. Делаете ремонт? Узнайте стяжка пола стоимость здесь.
Современные шины для легковых автомобилей по числу слоёв каркаса делятся на четырёхслойные и шестислойные. Для шестислойных" шин наибольшее рекомендуемое внутреннее давление равно 2,5 \кг/см2, а наибольшее рекомендуемое внутреннее давление для четырёхслойных шин колеблется от 1,7 кг/см2 для шин номинальной шириной 7,50" до 2,1 кг/см2 для шин номинальной шириной 5,50".
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