Параметры работающего двигателя внутреннего сгорания (ДВС) фиксируют датчики: положения, перемещения (фазы) и частоты вращения, начала отсчета, положения дроссельной заслонки, уровня вибрации, температуры, давления и др.
Датчики положения (перемещения) 111 бывают магнитоэлектрические (индуктивные), их основные детали — катушка индуктивности с двумя выводами и магнит (рис. 1.1), Датчик угловых импульсов (ДУЛ) установлен около вращающегося стального диска, жестко связанного с коленчатым валом двигателя. Когда зуб диска находится напротив сердечника, сопротивление магнитному потоку минимально, а если сердечник оказывается между зубьями — максимально. При вращении диска поток через катушку будет изменяться в пределах от десятых долей до сотен вольт, при этом напряжение на выводах обмотки возрастает пропорционально частоте вращения (рис. 1,2). Зубчатым диском иногда служит венец маховика, но тогда трудно определить точку отсчета, так как все зубья на нем одинаковы. Чтобы устранить этот недостаток, устанавливают специальный реперный штифт и дополнительный датчик начала отсчета. Этот датчик на картере сцепления выдает за один оборот вала один импульс — в момент прохождения в его магнитном поле штифта. Этот момент обычно соответствует или верхней мертвой точке (ВМТ) определенного цилиндра, или углу опережения зажигания (УОЗ) и нем. Возможно и другое решение: на специальном зубчатом ферромагнитном диске датчика отсутствует один зубец; это приводит к пропуску двух полуволн на синусоидальной форме сигнала и фиксирует угловое положение коленчатого вала (КВ) в точке УОЗ первого цилиндра.
Для датчика (частоты вращения КВ) можно применить диск (маркер), у которого все рассчитано заранее — скважность, число зубьев, шаг и г.п. Для отметки начала отсчета один или два зуба убирают. Такой диск можно установить, например, на шкивах КВ привода генератора, а датчик положения КВ — на крышке масляного насоса или в других подходящих местах. В этом случае классический датчик начала отсчета fie нужен: начало отсчета будет там, где нарушается форма сигнала из-за отсутствующих зубьев.
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1 × UPDATE automarket_sefurls
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1 × DELETE
FROM `automarket_session`