У открытой рамы замкнутый силовой многоугольник образуется в результате использования общего картера двигателя и коробки передач в качестве замыкающего силового элемента рамы.
По способу соединения деталей — на разборные и неразборные, у разоорных рам детали соединяют при помощи болтов. У нераз- борных рам детали сваривают или паяют медью.
3. По наличию или отсутствию подвески заднего колеса — на подресс°ренные и жесткие.
Конструкция рам мотоциклов-. Рама мотоцикла М-72 (трубчатая, двойная, закрытая, сварная, подрессоренная) показана на фиг. 126. Чтобы повысить прочность рамы, не увеличивая ее веса используют трубы переменного сечения, в местах приварки к головке, т. е. в наиболее напряженных местах, увеличивают эллиптичность труб. В менее нагруженных местах эллиптическое сечение постепенно переходит в круглое меньшего размера.
Рама мотоцикла ИЖ-49 (фиг. 127) одинарная, разборная, подрессоренная. Передняя часть рамы штампованная из листа и сварена в продольной плоскости; задняя часть выполнена из труб и крепится к основной части рамы на болтах.
Преимущество трубчатых рам — их меньший вес. Двойные трубчатые рамы более жесткие, чем штампованные. Однако трубчатые рамы в условиях крупносерийного производства более дорогие, так как процесс изгибания труб и их сварка очень плохо поддаются автоматизации.
Изготовление штампованных деталей для рам является высокопроизводительным процессом. Их сваривают на сварочных машинах, в результате чего штампованная рама получается более дешевой. Ввиду этого понятно стремление ряда заводов использовать для мотоциклов штампованные рамы.
Примером удачного решения является ходовая часть немецкого мотоцикла НСУ «МАКС». Передняя рычажная вилка 1 (фиг. 128), рама и задняя качающаяся вилка 4 этого мотоцикла сварены из крупных штампованных деталей. Рама не имеет передней трубы и состоит из подседельной стойки 5, хребтовины 2 (верхняя труба)— увеличенного сечения и части заднего щитка 3. Подвеска заднего колеса состоит из одной центральной цилиндрической пружины, работающей на сжатие, которая размещается в подседельной стойке 5 рамы. „ „
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1 × DELETE
FROM `automarket_session`