Гоночными автомобилями называются специальные скоростные автомобили, предназначаемые для различных дорожных состязаний, например: состязаний на
«Большой приз» по кольцевым трассам, для линейных гонок на различные дистанции или, как указывалось выше, для рекордных заездов, т. е. установления рекорда скорости на ту или иную дистанцию или время.
В зависимости от назначения гоночные автомобили подразделяются на дорожно-гоночные и рекордно-гоночные автомобили. Отличительной особенностью конструкции дорожно-гоночного автомобиля, выделяющей его среди прочих скоростных автомобилей, является возможность применения на нем одноместного сигарообразного кузова без дверей, лобового стекла и крыльев над колесами.
Кроме того, на гоночном автомобиле допускается установка высокофорсированного двигателя с нагнетателем, отсутствие электрооборудования для освещения, сигнализации и пуска двигателя; последний может осуществляться при помощи приспособлений для пуска от руки или с наката. Типичный образец дорожно-гоночного автомобиля.
Согласно последнему кодексу ФИА, к конструкции дорожно-гоночного автомобиля, независимо от класса, предъявляются следующие незначительные требования, касающиеся главным образом вопросов безопасности.
1. Между кабиной водителя и моторным отсеком должна находиться плотная металлическая. перегородка, предохраняющая водителя от пламени, могущего возникнуть в моторном отсеке.
2. Все трансмиссионные валы должны быть надежно закрыты полом или специальным кожухом.
3. Выпуск отработавших газов должен быть направлен таким образом, чтобы не поднимать пыли на дороге и не мешать управлению сзади идущего или обгоняющего автомобиля.
4. Место водителя должно быть оборудовано зеркалом обратного вида площадью не менее 60 см2.
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