Кроме поворотов, на трассах кросса и многоборья спортсменам приходится преодолевать различные неровности: бугры, канавы, уступы и выступы. Если их высота или глубин больше метра, то бугор называется валом, канава — впадиной, уступ — спуском, выступ—подъемом. Спуск или подъем, имеющий дополнительный поперечный наклон, называется косогором.
При преодолении неровностей устойчивость системы Э — М нарушается, поэтому экипаж, занимая определенные положения из числа рассмотренных выше и применяя специальные приемы, стремится уравновесить внешние силы, выводящие систему из устойчивого состояния. Экипаж пытается выпрямить траекторию общего центра тяжести системы и заставить ее двигаться так, чтобы центры тяжести отдельных частей системы перемещались параллельно друг другу. Маневры, с помощью которых удается это сделать, называются приемами амортизации.
Во время движения по неровностям мотоцикл может опрокинуться вокруг переднего или заднего колеса: в таком случае говорят о потере продольной устойчивости. Опрокидывание вокруг оси, соединяющей точки контакта переднего и заднего колес с грунтом,
означает потерю поперечной устойчивости. При опрокидывании мотоцикла вперед относительно оси, соединяющей точки контакта переднего колеса и колеса коляски, и назад относительно оси, соединяющей точки контакта заднего колеса и колеса коляски, считают, что потеряна как продольная, так и поперечная устойчивость.
В статическом состоянии, как было рассмотрено выше, запас устойчивости мотоцикла во всех направлениях характеризуется пирамидой устойчивости. Если проекция центра тяжести выходит за пределы основания пирамиды устойчивости, то мотоцикл опрокидывается. Во время движения на систему Э — М действуют и динамические силы, улучшающие устойчивость в одном направлении и ухудшающие в другом. С учетом этого и оценим устойчивость системы «экипаж — мотоцикл» при преодолении отдельных неровностей, но для упрощения будем рассматривать устойчивость только в двух плоскостях — продольной и поперечной. Соответственно в этих же плоскостях будем рассматривать и углы равновесия.
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Application 0.030 seconds (+0.001); 4.03 MB (+0.112) - beforeRenderModule mod_virtuemart_cart (Корзина)
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