Выполнение указанных требований затруднительно потому, что работа такого механизма управления клапанами обычно сопровождается большим шумом и пока может быть применена только на специальных, т. е. скоростных автомобилях.
Однако, учитывая высокое состояние техники в наши дни и ее возможности, необходимо изучать существующие и известные нам старые схемы конструкций десмодромических управлений, так как такая конструкция механизма обеспечивает большую надежность работы газораспределения и сможет удовлетворить современную потребность в применении для быстроходных двигателей высоких чисел оборотов.
Одной из первых, предложивших конструкцию механизма для десмодромического управления клапанами, была французская фирма Делаж. В этой конструкции два расположенных рядом кулачка, согласованных по своему профилю, работают в специальной рамке, служащей продолжением стержня клапана. Один кулачок открывает клапан, а другой его закрывает. Против каждого из кулачков в рамке имеются соответствующие выступы, а на конце стержня клапана установлена пружина, обеспечивающая плотное закрытие клапана при нагреве.
Данная конструкция достаточно проста с точки зрения изготовления, однако весьма громоздка из-за своей высоты.
Здесь профиль единственного кулачка вырезан на вращающемся диске в виде канавки, в которую вставлен конец пальца балансирного рычага.
При вращении вала с дисками палец следует асимметричному профилю выреза и ведёт за собой один конец коромысла, другой конец которого связан со стержнем клапана. Установленная под осью коромысла пружина служит для компенсации удлинения клапана при нагреве, т. е. выполняет функции зазора.
Система десмодромического управления клапанами на гоночном автомобиле «Мерседес-Бенц» модель «W-196». В этой системе управления два' кулачка, расположенных рядом на валу, действуют на соответствующие двойные коромысла, из которых одно опускает клапан, а другое поднимает и закрывает его. Между вторым коромыслом и выступом на стержне клапана устанавливается постоянный зазор. Такая конструкция, достаточно удобна для применения и компактна, но требует большой точности в изготовлении деталей.
session.client.browser ⇒ Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)
password_clear ⇒
groups ⇒
Application 0.000 seconds (+0.000); 0.75 MB (+0.752) - afterLoad
Application 0.011 seconds (+0.011); 2.64 MB (+1.883) - afterInitialise
Application 0.019 seconds (+0.008); 3.26 MB (+0.625) - afterRoute
Application 0.033 seconds (+0.013); 3.93 MB (+0.666) - afterDispatch
Application 0.035 seconds (+0.002); 4.04 MB (+0.112) - beforeRenderModule mod_virtuemart_cart (Корзина)
Application 0.152 seconds (+0.117); 6.94 MB (+2.901) - afterRenderModule mod_virtuemart_cart (Корзина)
Application 0.155 seconds (+0.003); 6.96 MB (+0.019) - afterRender
6.95 MB (7,287,288 Bytes)
SELECT `data`
FROM `automarket_session`
WHERE `session_id` = 'g4lp2bhvv4ophgu155m42mdua1'
SELECT `session_id`
FROM `automarket_session`
WHERE `session_id` = 'g4lp2bhvv4ophgu155m42mdua1'
LIMIT 0, 1
INSERT INTO `automarket_session`
(`session_id`, `client_id`, `time`)
VALUES
('g4lp2bhvv4ophgu155m42mdua1', 0, '1734801596')
SELECT extension_id AS id, element AS "option", params, enabled
FROM automarket_extensions
WHERE `type` = 'component'
AND `element` = 'com_users'
SELECT b.id
FROM automarket_usergroups AS a
LEFT JOIN automarket_usergroups AS b
ON b.lft <= a.lft
AND b.rgt >= a.rgt
WHERE a.id = 1
SELECT id, rules
FROM `automarket_viewlevels`
SELECT folder AS type, element AS name, params
FROM automarket_extensions
WHERE enabled >= 1
AND type ='plugin'
AND state >= 0
AND access IN (1,1)
ORDER BY ordering
SELECT extension_id AS id, element AS "option", params, enabled
FROM automarket_extensions
WHERE `type` = 'component'
AND `element` = 'com_languages'
SELECT `custom_data`
FROM `automarket_extensions`
WHERE `type` = 'component'
AND `element` = 'com_sef'
SELECT *
FROM automarket_sef_subdomains
SELECT *
FROM automarket_languages
WHERE published=1
ORDER BY ordering ASC
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM automarket_sef_subdomains
WHERE subdomain='auto-market'
SELECT `a`.`vars`, `u`.`sefurl`
FROM `automarket_sefaliases` AS `a`
INNER JOIN `automarket_sefurls` AS `u`
ON `u`.`id` = `a`.`url`
WHERE `a`.`alias` = 'materialy-sajta/konstruktsii-vagova'
SELECT element,params
FROM automarket_extensions
WHERE type='sef_ext'
SELECT *
FROM automarket_sefurls
WHERE ((`sefurl` = 'materialy-sajta/konstruktsii-vagova') OR (`sefurl` = 'materialy-sajta/konstruktsii-vagova/'))
AND (`origurl` != '')
ORDER BY `priority`
LIMIT 1
UPDATE automarket_sefurls
SET cpt=(cpt+1)
WHERE `id` = '357'
SELECT m.id, m.menutype, m.title, m.alias, m.note, m.path AS route, m.link, m.type, m.level, m.language,m.browserNav, m.access, m.params, m.home, m.img, m.template_style_id, m.component_id, m.parent_id,e.element as component
FROM automarket_menu AS m
LEFT JOIN automarket_extensions AS e
ON m.component_id = e.extension_id
WHERE m.published = 1
AND m.parent_id > 0
AND m.client_id = 0
ORDER BY m.lft
INSERT INTO `automarket_rokuserstats` (`user_id`,`ip`,`session_id`,`page`,`referrer`)
VALUES ('0','18.119.106.238','g4lp2bhvv4ophgu155m42mdua1','/materialy-sajta/konstruktsii-vagova','')
SELECT *
FROM automarket_jcomments_settings
SELECT id, home, template, s.params
FROM automarket_template_styles as s
LEFT JOIN automarket_extensions as e
ON e.element=s.template
AND e.type='template'
AND e.client_id=s.client_id
WHERE s.client_id = 0
AND e.enabled = 1
SELECT extension_id AS id, element AS "option", params, enabled
FROM automarket_extensions
WHERE `type` = 'component'
AND `element` = 'com_content'
SELECT a.rules
FROM automarket_assets AS a
WHERE (a.id = 1)
GROUP BY a.id, a.rules, a.lft
SELECT b.rules
FROM automarket_assets AS a
LEFT JOIN automarket_assets AS b
ON b.lft <= a.lft
AND b.rgt >= a.rgt
WHERE (a.name = 'com_content')
GROUP BY b.id, b.rules, b.lft
ORDER BY b.lft
SELECT a.id, a.asset_id, a.title, a.alias, a.title_alias, a.introtext, a.fulltext,
CASE WHEN badcats.id is null THEN a.state ELSE 0 END AS state, a.mask, a.catid, a.created, a.created_by, a.created_by_alias,
CASE WHEN a.modified = 0 THEN a.created ELSE a.modified END as modified, a.modified_by, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.publish_up, a.publish_down, a.images, a.urls, a.attribs, a.version, a.parentid, a.ordering, a.metakey, a.metadesc, a.access, a.hits, a.metadata, a.featured, a.language, a.xreference,c.title AS category_title, c.alias AS category_alias, c.access AS category_access,u.name AS author,(
SELECT MAX(contact.id) AS id
FROM automarket_contact_details AS contact
WHERE contact.published = 1
AND contact.user_id = a.created_by) as contactid,parent.title as parent_title, parent.id as parent_id, parent.path as parent_route, parent.alias as parent_alias,ROUND(v.rating_sum / v.rating_count, 0) AS rating, v.rating_count as rating_count
FROM automarket_content AS a
LEFT JOIN automarket_categories AS c
on c.id = a.catid
LEFT JOIN automarket_users AS u
on u.id = a.created_by
LEFT JOIN automarket_categories as parent
ON parent.id = c.parent_id
LEFT JOIN automarket_content_rating AS v
ON a.id = v.content_id
LEFT
OUTER JOIN (SELECT cat.id as id
FROM automarket_categories AS cat JOIN automarket_categories AS parent
ON cat.lft BETWEEN parent.lft
AND parent.rgt
WHERE parent.extension = 'com_content'
AND parent.published <= 0
GROUP BY cat.id) AS badcats
ON badcats.id = c.id
WHERE a.id = 232
AND (a.publish_up = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_up <= '2024-12-21 17:19:56')
AND (a.publish_down = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_down >= '2024-12-21 17:19:56')
AND (a.state = 1 OR a.state =2)
SELECT c.*,
CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(c.alias) THEN CONCAT_WS(':', c.id, c.alias) ELSE c.id END as slug
FROM automarket_categories as c
LEFT JOIN automarket_categories AS s
ON (s.lft <= c.lft
AND s.rgt >= c.rgt) OR (s.lft > c.lft
AND s.rgt < c.rgt)
LEFT JOIN (SELECT cat.id as id
FROM automarket_categories AS cat JOIN automarket_categories AS parent
ON cat.lft BETWEEN parent.lft
AND parent.rgt
WHERE parent.extension = 'com_content'
AND parent.published != 1
GROUP BY cat.id) AS badcats
ON badcats.id = c.id
WHERE (c.extension='com_content' OR c.extension='system')
AND c.access IN (1,1)
AND c.published = 1
AND s.id=8
AND badcats.id is null
GROUP BY c.id, c.asset_id, c.access, c.alias, c.checked_out, c.checked_out_time,
c.created_time, c.created_user_id, c.description, c.extension, c.hits, c.language, c.level,
c.lft, c.metadata, c.metadesc, c.metakey, c.modified_time, c.note, c.params, c.parent_id,
c.path, c.published, c.rgt, c.title, c.modified_user_id
ORDER BY c.lft
SELECT id, link, language
FROM automarket_menu
WHERE home=1
UPDATE automarket_content
SET hits = hits + 1
WHERE id = 232
SELECT m.id, m.title, m.module, m.position, m.content, m.showtitle, m.params, mm.menuid
FROM automarket_modules AS m
LEFT JOIN automarket_modules_menu AS mm
ON mm.moduleid = m.id
LEFT JOIN automarket_extensions AS e
ON e.element = m.module
AND e.client_id = m.client_id
WHERE m.published = 1
AND e.enabled = 1
AND (m.publish_up = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR m.publish_up <= '2024-12-21 17:19:56')
AND (m.publish_down = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR m.publish_down >= '2024-12-21 17:19:56')
AND m.access IN (1,1)
AND m.client_id = 0
AND (mm.menuid = 142 OR mm.menuid <= 0)
ORDER BY m.position, m.ordering
SHOW TABLES LIKE "automarket_virtuemart_configs"
SELECT `config`
FROM `automarket_virtuemart_configs`
WHERE `virtuemart_config_id` = "1";
SELECT `virtuemart_permgroup_id`,`group_name`,`group_level`
FROM `automarket_virtuemart_permgroups`
ORDER BY `group_level`
SELECT `vendor_currency`,`currency_code_3`,`currency_numeric_code`
FROM `automarket_virtuemart_vendors` AS v
LEFT JOIN `automarket_virtuemart_currencies` AS c
ON virtuemart_currency_id = vendor_currency
WHERE v.`virtuemart_vendor_id`="1"
SELECT *
FROM `automarket_virtuemart_currencies`
WHERE `virtuemart_currency_id`="199"
SELECT `price_display`,`custom_price_display`
FROM `automarket_virtuemart_shoppergroups` AS `sg`
WHERE `sg`.`default` = "2"
SELECT *
FROM `automarket_virtuemart_shoppergroups`
WHERE `default` = "2"
AND (`virtuemart_vendor_id` = "1" OR `shared` = "1")
AND `published`="1"
SELECT *
FROM automarket_virtuemart_calcs
WHERE
`calc_kind` IN ('Marge','Tax','VatTax','DBTax','DATax' )
AND `published`="1"
AND (`virtuemart_vendor_id`="1" OR `shared`="1" )
AND ( ( publish_up = "0000-00-00 00:00:00" OR publish_up <= "2024-12-21 17:19:56" )
AND ( publish_down = "0000-00-00 00:00:00" OR publish_down >= "2024-12-21 17:19:56" )
OR `for_override` = "1" )
SELECT *
FROM automarket_virtuemart_calcs
WHERE
`calc_kind`="DBTaxBill"
AND `published`="1"
AND (`virtuemart_vendor_id`="1" OR `shared`="1" )
AND ( publish_up = "0000-00-00 00:00:00" OR publish_up <= "2024-12-21 17:19:56" )
AND ( publish_down = "0000-00-00 00:00:00" OR publish_down >= "2024-12-21 17:19:56" )
SELECT *
FROM automarket_virtuemart_calcs
WHERE
`calc_kind`="TaxBill"
AND `published`="1"
AND (`virtuemart_vendor_id`="1" OR `shared`="1" )
AND ( publish_up = "0000-00-00 00:00:00" OR publish_up <= "2024-12-21 17:19:56" )
AND ( publish_down = "0000-00-00 00:00:00" OR publish_down >= "2024-12-21 17:19:56" )
SELECT *
FROM automarket_virtuemart_calcs
WHERE
`calc_kind`="DATaxBill"
AND `published`="1"
AND (`virtuemart_vendor_id`="1" OR `shared`="1" )
AND ( publish_up = "0000-00-00 00:00:00" OR publish_up <= "2024-12-21 17:19:56" )
AND ( publish_down = "0000-00-00 00:00:00" OR publish_down >= "2024-12-21 17:19:56" )
SELECT extension_id AS id, element AS "option", params, enabled
FROM automarket_extensions
WHERE `type` = 'component'
AND `element` = 'com_virtuemart'
SELECT *
FROM `automarket_menu`
where `link` like "index.php?option=com_virtuemart%"
and client_id=0
and published=1
and (language="*" or language LIKE "ru_ru")
UPDATE `automarket_session`
SET `data` = '__default|a:7:{s:15:\"session.counter\";i:1;s:19:\"session.timer.start\";i:1734801596;s:18:\"session.timer.last\";i:1734801596;s:17:\"session.timer.now\";i:1734801596;s:22:\"session.client.browser\";s:103:\"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)\";s:8:\"registry\";O:9:\"JRegistry\":1:{s:7:\"\0*\0data\";O:8:\"stdClass\":0:{}}s:4:\"user\";O:5:\"JUser\":25:{s:9:\"\0*\0isRoot\";b:0;s:2:\"id\";i:0;s:4:\"name\";N;s:8:\"username\";N;s:5:\"email\";N;s:8:\"password\";N;s:14:\"password_clear\";s:0:\"\";s:8:\"usertype\";N;s:5:\"block\";N;s:9:\"sendEmail\";i:0;s:12:\"registerDate\";N;s:13:\"lastvisitDate\";N;s:10:\"activation\";N;s:6:\"params\";N;s:6:\"groups\";a:0:{}s:5:\"guest\";i:1;s:13:\"lastResetTime\";N;s:10:\"resetCount\";N;s:10:\"\0*\0_params\";O:9:\"JRegistry\":1:{s:7:\"\0*\0data\";O:8:\"stdClass\":0:{}}s:14:\"\0*\0_authGroups\";a:1:{i:0;i:1;}s:14:\"\0*\0_authLevels\";a:2:{i:0;i:1;i:1;i:1;}s:15:\"\0*\0_authActions\";N;s:12:\"\0*\0_errorMsg\";N;s:10:\"\0*\0_errors\";a:0:{}s:3:\"aid\";i:0;}}'
, `time` = '1734801597'
WHERE `session_id` = 'g4lp2bhvv4ophgu155m42mdua1'
4 × SELECT extension_id AS id, element AS "option", params, enabled
FROM automarket_extensions
4 × SELECT *
FROM automarket_virtuemart_calcs
1 × SELECT id, link, language
FROM automarket_menu
1 × SELECT m.id, m.title, m.module, m.position, m.content, m.showtitle, m.params, mm.menuid
FROM automarket_modules AS m
LEFT JOIN automarket_modules_menu AS mm
ON mm.moduleid = m.id
LEFT JOIN automarket_extensions AS e
ON e.element = m.module
AND e.client_id = m.client_id
1 × SELECT c.*,
CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(c.alias) THEN CONCAT_WS(':', c.id, c.alias) ELSE c.id END as slug
FROM automarket_categories as c
LEFT JOIN automarket_categories AS s
ON (s.lft <= c.lft
AND s.rgt >= c.rgt) OR (s.lft > c.lft
AND s.rgt < c.rgt)
LEFT JOIN (SELECT cat.id as id
FROM automarket_categories AS cat JOIN automarket_categories AS parent
ON cat.lft BETWEEN parent.lft
AND parent.rgt
1 × SELECT a.id, a.asset_id, a.title, a.alias, a.title_alias, a.introtext, a.fulltext,
CASE WHEN badcats.id is null THEN a.state ELSE 0 END AS state, a.mask, a.catid, a.created, a.created_by, a.created_by_alias,
CASE WHEN a.modified = 0 THEN a.created ELSE a.modified END as modified, a.modified_by, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.publish_up, a.publish_down, a.images, a.urls, a.attribs, a.version, a.parentid, a.ordering, a.metakey, a.metadesc, a.access, a.hits, a.metadata, a.featured, a.language, a.xreference,c.title AS category_title, c.alias AS category_alias, c.access AS category_access,u.name AS author,( SELECT MAX(contact.id) AS id
FROM automarket_contact_details AS contact
1 × SELECT `config`
FROM `automarket_virtuemart_configs`
1 × SELECT b.rules
FROM automarket_assets AS a
LEFT JOIN automarket_assets AS b
ON b.lft <= a.lft
AND b.rgt >= a.rgt
1 × SELECT `vendor_currency`,`currency_code_3`,`currency_numeric_code`
FROM `automarket_virtuemart_vendors` AS v
LEFT JOIN `automarket_virtuemart_currencies` AS c
ON virtuemart_currency_id = vendor_currency
1 × SELECT *
FROM `automarket_virtuemart_shoppergroups`
1 × SELECT *
FROM `automarket_menu`
1 × SELECT `price_display`,`custom_price_display`
FROM `automarket_virtuemart_shoppergroups` AS `sg`
1 × SELECT *
FROM `automarket_virtuemart_currencies`
1 × SELECT a.rules
FROM automarket_assets AS a
1 × SELECT `virtuemart_permgroup_id`,`group_name`,`group_level`
FROM `automarket_virtuemart_permgroups`
1 × SELECT *
FROM automarket_jcomments_setting
1 × SELECT `custom_data`
FROM `automarket_extensions`
1 × SELECT *
FROM automarket_sef_subdomain
1 × SELECT folder AS type, element AS name, params
FROM automarket_extensions
1 × SELECT id, rules
FROM `automarket_viewlevels
1 × SELECT `session_id`
FROM `automarket_session`
1 × SELECT b.id
FROM automarket_usergroups AS a
LEFT JOIN automarket_usergroups AS b
ON b.lft <= a.lft
AND b.rgt >= a.rgt
1 × SELECT *
FROM automarket_languages
1 × SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM automarket_sef_subdomains
1 × SELECT m.id, m.menutype, m.title, m.alias, m.note, m.path AS route, m.link, m.type, m.level, m.language,m.browserNav, m.access, m.params, m.home, m.img, m.template_style_id, m.component_id, m.parent_id,e.element as component
FROM automarket_menu AS m
LEFT JOIN automarket_extensions AS e
ON m.component_id = e.extension_id
1 × SELECT `data`
FROM `automarket_session`
1 × SELECT *
FROM automarket_sefurls
1 × SELECT element,params
FROM automarket_extensions
1 × SELECT `a`.`vars`, `u`.`sefurl`
FROM `automarket_sefaliases` AS `a`
INNER JOIN `automarket_sefurls` AS `u`
ON `u`.`id` = `a`.`url`
1 × SELECT id, home, template, s.params
FROM automarket_template_styles as s
LEFT JOIN automarket_extensions as e
ON e.element=s.template
AND e.type='template'
AND e.client_id=s.client_id
1 × SHOW TABLES LIKE "automarket_virtuemart_configs
1 × UPDATE `automarket_session`
SET `data` = '__default|a:7:{s:15:\"session.counter\";i:1;s:19:\"session.timer.start\";i:1734801596;s:18:\"session.timer.last\";i:1734801596;s:17:\"session.timer.now\";i:1734801596;s:22:\"session.client.browser\";s:103:\"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)\";s:8:\"registry\";O:9:\"JRegistry\":1:{s:7:\"\0*\0data\";O:8:\"stdClass\":0:{}}s:4:\"user\";O:5:\"JUser\":25:{s:9:\"\0*\0isRoot\";b:0;s:2:\"id\";i:0;s:4:\"name\";N;s:8:\"username\";N;s:5:\"email\";N;s:8:\"password\";N;s:14:\"password_clear\";s:0:\"\";s:8:\"usertype\";N;s:5:\"block\";N;s:9:\"sendEmail\";i:0;s:12:\"registerDate\";N;s:13:\"lastvisitDate\";N;s:10:\"activation\";N;s:6:\"params\";N;s:6:\"groups\";a:0:{}s:5:\"guest\";i:1;s:13:\"lastResetTime\";N;s:10:\"resetCount\";N;s:10:\"\0*\0_params\";O:9:\"JRegistry\":1:{s:7:\"\0*\0data\";O:8:\"stdClass\":0:{}}s:14:\"\0*\0_authGroups\";a:1:{i:0;i:1;}s:14:\"\0*\0_authLevels\";a:2:{i:0;i:1;i:1;i:1;}s:15:\"\0*\0_authActions\";N;s:12:\"\0*\0_errorMsg\";N;s:10:\"\0*\0_errors\";a:0:{}s:3:\"aid\";i:0;}}' , `time` = '1734801597'
1 × UPDATE automarket_content
SET hits = hits + 1
1 × INSERT INTO `automarket_rokuserstats` (`user_id`,`ip`,`session_id`,`page`,`referrer`)
VALUES ('0','18.119.106.238','g4lp2bhvv4ophgu155m42mdua1','/materialy-sajta/konstruktsii-vagova',''
1 × UPDATE automarket_sefurls
SET cpt=(cpt+1)
1 × INSERT INTO `automarket_session` (`session_id`, `client_id`, `time`)
VALUES ('g4lp2bhvv4ophgu155m42mdua1', 0, '1734801596'